"ᐃᓕᖅᑯᓯᒃᑯᑦ, ᐃᓅᓯᑦᑎᐊᕙᐅᓂᖅᓴᒥᑦ ᐃᓅᓯᖃᕈᓐᓇᖅᓯᓚᐅᖅᑐᖓ," ᓴᖅᑭᔮᖅᑎᑦᑎᔪᖅ ᑏᓐ ᕼᐊᑉᕕᐅᑦᒥᑦ. ᑎᒪᒋᒥ ᓄᓇᖃᖅᑳᖅᓯᒪᔪᓂᒥᐅᑕᖅ ᑐᕌᓐᑐᒥᐅᑕᐅᓪᓗᓂᓗ, ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᖅᑎᑦᑎᕙᒃᖢᓂ ᒋᐊᓕᐊᓕᐅᕐᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᐊᒻᒪ ᐸᐅᕋᐅᔭᕐᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᒧᒥᕐᓂᕐᒥᒃ. ᒧᒥᖃᑦᑕᓕᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᐊᕐᓇᑯᓗᖕᒧᑦ ᑕᓐᑐ ᐸᐃᒥ ᐊᓈᓇᖓᑕ ᓯᕗᓪᓕᖅᐹᒥ ᐊᑭᓯᖓᓄᐊᖅᑎᖦᖢᓂᐅᒃ. ᖁᕕᐊᒋᓚᐅᕐᒪᒍ ᒧᒥᕆᐅᖅᓴᔪᒪᓪᓗᓂᓗ ᑭᓯᐊᓂ ᐊᓈᓇᖓ ᐃᓕᓴᐃᔪᓐᓇᓚᐅᙱᒻᒪᑦ. ᐅᖃᖅᑐᓂ ᑕᐅᕗᙵᖁᔨᓪᓗᓂ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᖅᑐᓂ ᐊᓯᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᒧᒥᖅᑎᐅᔪᓂᒃ. ᓄᓇᓕᖕᒥᐅᑦ ᐃᓴᕈᖏᑦ ᐊᑖᒎᓚᐅᖅᐳᑦ, ᒧᒥᕐᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᓇᒡᓕᒍᓱᒃᖢᓂ.

ᐃᓅᓯᖅ ᐊᒃᓱᕈᕐᓇᖅᓯᒃᑲᓐᓂᓚᐅᖅᐳᖅ ᑕᐃᑲᙵᑦ, ᐊᐃᑦᑖᖑᒐᓗᐊᖅ. ᐊᓈᓇᖓ 1960-ᖏᓐᓂ ᐃᓅᓂᑯ ᐊᒻᒪ ᐃᓚᖏᑦ ᐊᖓᔪᖅᑳᖏᑦ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᕆᐊᖅᑎᑕᐅᕙᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ ᐊᒻᒪ ᐊᔪᖅᓴᖅᑐᑎᒃ. ᐅᑭᐅᖃᓕᖅᑎᓪᓗᒍ 12-ᓂᒃ, ᓂᐅᕋᐃᖃᑦᑕᓕᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᐊᓐᓇᐅᒪᓇᓱᐊᖅᖢᓂ ᐃᒥᐊᓗᒃᓯᒪᕙᒌᖅᖢᓂᓗ. ᒪᒃᑯᒃᑐᓄᑦ ᐊᖏᕐᕋᕆᔭᐅᔪᓄᐊᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᐃᓚᐅᓪᓗᓂᓗ ᐃᓕᖅᑯᓯᒧᑦ ᐊᒃᑐᐊᖃᑦᑕᐅᑎᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᐱᓕᕆᐊᒧᑦ ᐊᐅᓚᑕᐅᓪᓗᓂ ᓄᓇᖃᖅᑳᖅᓯᒪᔪᓄᑦ ᐃᓄᓕᕆᔨᒧᑦ.

"ᓯᓐᓇᑦᑑᒪᓚᐅᖅᑐᖓ ᐱᐅᓂᖅᓴᒥᑦ ᐃᓅᓯᖃᕐᓂᕐᒥᑦ, ᑕᑯᒍᓐᓇᖏᒃᑲᓗᐊᖅᑐᒍ."

ᑕᐃᒪᓕ, ᐊᖓᔪᖅᑳᙳᐊᖑᓕᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐊᑐᖅᓯᒪᔭᖓ ᐊᓯᔾᔨᖅᑐᓂ ᐃᓅᓯᖓᓂᒃ. "ᑕᐃᒃᑯᐊᖑᓚᐅᙱᑉᐸᑕ ᐃᓚᒌᑦ ᐅᕙᓐᓂᒃ ᐃᓯᖅᑎᑦᑎᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ ᓇᒡᓕᒋᔭᓐᓂᓗ ᐃᑲᔪᖅᓱᓚᐅᕐᓗᖓᓗ, ᐃᓅᓇᔭᓚᐅᖅᑰᓚᐅᙱᑦᑐᖓ. ᐃᓅᓯᑦᑎᐊᕙᐅᓂᖅᓴᒥᑦ ᐃᓅᓯᖃᕈᓐᓇᕋᔭᓚᐅᙱᑦᑐᖓ," ᐅᖃᐅᓯᕆᕙᐃᑦ.

ᐃᓕᖅᑯᓯᑐᖃᖅ ᑕᐃᑲᓂ ᓇᓂᓯᓚᐅᖅᐳᖅ ᓴᓚᐅᓱᖕᓂᕐᒥ ᐊᒃᓱᕈᕐᓇᖅᑐᒃᑰᓕᓚᐅᕐᓂᖓᓄᑦ ᑕᓐᑐ ᐸᐃᒥ. "ᐃᓕᖅᑯᓯᖃᑎᒋᓪᓗᒍ ᒪᒥᓴᕈᑎᒋᑐᐃᓐᓇᓚᐅᖅᑕᕋ ᐃᓚᒪ ᑭᖑᕚᕇᓄᑦ ᖁᐊᖅᓵᖅᓯᒪᔾᔪᑎᒋᓚᐅᖅᑕᓐᓄᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐅᐱᒋᓪᓗᒍ ᑭᓇᐅᓂᓐᓂᑦ, ᓇᖏᖅᓯᓪᓗᖓ ᐊᑭᕋᖅᑐᕐᓂᕐᒥᑦ ᐅᕕᓂᖃᑎᒋᙱᑕᓐᓂᑦ. ᒧᒥᕈᓐᓇᖅᓯᓚᐅᖅᑐᖓ ᐃᓅᓯᑦᑎᐊᕙᖕᒧᑦ," ᖁᖓᖦᖢᓂ.

ᓱᒃᑲᓕᔪᒥᒃ ᖁᕕᐊᓲᑎᖃᓚᐅᖅᑎᓪᓗᒍ ᒥᑕᐅᑎᓕᕋᒥ, ᕼᐊᑉᕕᐅᑦ ᐊᒥᐊᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᑐᓂᔭᐅᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᖃᓄᖅ ᑕᐅᑦᑐᖃᕆᐊᖃᕐᒪᖔᖅ. ᐊᖓᔪᖅᑳᙳᐊᖓ ᓇᒃᓴᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᓄᓇᓕᖕᒥᐅᑕᓂᑦ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᕐᑎᑦᑎᔭᖅᑐᕐᖢᓂ ᖃᓄᖅ ᓴᓇᔭᕆᐊᒃᓴᖅ. ᒪᕐᕉᓐᓂᒃ ᐊᕐᕌᒎᓐᓂᒃ ᐱᔭᕇᕋᓱᐊᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᑭᓯᐊᓂ ᐱᔭᕇᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ. ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᖅᑎᑕᐅᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᑲᒪᒋᔭᕆᐊᓕᖏᓐᓂᑦ ᒧᒥᖅᑎᐅᓪᓗᓂ ᒧᒥᖃᑦᑕᓕᖅᑐᓂᓗ ᑭᓯᐊᓂ ᓄᖅᑲᑲᐃᓐᓇᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᓅᒻᒪᑦ ᐅᐃᓂᐸᒡᒧᑦ ᐃᒥᕈᓐᓇᖅᓯᓪᓗᓂ.

ᐃᒥᐊᓗᖃᕈᓐᓃᕋᒥ, ᐅᑎᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᐃᓕᖅᑯᓯᕐᒥᓄᑦ. ᑐᕌᓐᑐᒧᑦ ᓅᓚᐅᖅᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᐱᒋᐊᓚᐅᖅᓯᒪᓪᓗᓂᓗ, ᐱᖃᓐᓇᕆᔭᖅᑖᖅᖢᓂ ᐊᒻᒪ ᐱᐅᓂᖅᓴᓂᒃ ᓂᕈᐊᕈᓐᓇᖅᓯᓪᓗᓂ. ᐱᔭᕆᐊᑭᓐᓂᕐᓴᐅᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ Hupfield-ᒧᑦ ᓴᖅᑭᑕᐅᓇᓱᐊᖅᑎᓪᓗᒍ. "ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔪᖃᓚᐅᖏᑦᑐᖅ ᐅᕙᓐᓂᑦ ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᓚᐅᙱᑦᑐᖓ ᐱᐅᓯᕆᓯᒪᔭᓐᓂᑦ ᐊᒻᒪ ᐊᑐᓚᐅᖏᑦᑐᖓ ᖃᓄᐃᓐᓂᕆᖃᑦᑕᖅᓯᒪᔭᓐᓂᑦ. ᐅᕙᓐᓂᒃ ᐊᑦᑕᕐᓇᖅᑐᒦᑎᑦᑎᑐᐃᓐᓇᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ ᐃᑲᔪᖅᑐᐃᓪᓗᑎᒡᓗ ᐅᕙᓐᓂᒃ ᑕᑯᑎᖦᖢᓂᖓᓗ ᑕᒪᑐᒥᖓᓗ ᐱᓕᕆᓯᒪᓕᖅᑐᖓ ᒫᓐᓇ ᐊᕐᕌᒍᓄᑦ 14-ᓄᑦ ᐃᓕᓴᐃᓪᓗᖓ ᓄᓇᓕᖕᓂ ᐱᐅᓛᖑᓪᓗᓂᓗ," ᒥᑕᔅ.

ᓱᕈᓯᐅᓪᓗᓂ, ᕼᐊᑉᕕᐅᑦ ᓅᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᒻᒪᕆᐅᓚᐅᖅᐳᖅ ᑐᕌᓐᑐᒧᑦ ᑲᑉᐱᐊᓇᒐᓚᓚᐅᖅᐳᖅ ᑭᓯᐊᓂ ᐃᓅᓯᕐᒥᓂᒃ ᑭᐱᓯᖃᑦᑕᓚᐅᖅᐳᖅ. ᐊᑖᑕᙳᐊᖓ ᐊᒻᒪ ᐊᖓᔪᒃᖠᖅᐹᖅ ᐸᓂᖓ ᓄᓇᓕᖕᒧᐊᖅᑎᖦᖢᓂᐅᒃ ᐃᑲᔪᖅᖢᓂᓗ ᐃᒡᓗᒃᓴᖅᓯᐅᖅᑎᓪᓗᒍ. ᐅᑎᑲᓴᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᑕᓐᑐ ᐸᐃᒧᑦ, ᑭᓯᐊᓂ ᐊᑖᑕᙳᐊᖓ ᐃᖅᑲᐃᑎᑦᓯᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᓄᓇᖃᕐᓂᕐᒥᓂᒃ ᓄᓇᓕᐸᐅᔭᕐᒥ ᒥᓕᐊᖏᓐᓃᑦᑐᓂᒃ ᐃᓄᓐᓂᒃ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐱᖃᓐᓇᕆᔭᖅᑖᕈᓐᓇᑐᐃᓐᓇᖅᑐᓂ.

ᐱᖃᓐᓇᕆᔭᖃᕐᕕᖕᒧᐊᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᐊᐱᕆᓪᓗᓂᓗ ᐃᖅᑲᓇᐃᔭᖅᑎᑖᕈᓐᓇᖕᒪᖔᑦ ᑖᓂᓯᖅᓱᐃᓂᖕᒥᑦ ᒧᒥᖕᓂᖕᒥᓪᓗ. ᐊᖏᖃᑎᒌᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᓚᐅᖅᑐᓂ ᕈᐃᐅᓪ ᑲᓐᓱᑎ ᑐᕌᓐᑐᒥ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᖅᑐᓂ ᖃᓄᖅ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᖅᑎᑦᑎᔪᓐᓇᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᐃᓄᓐᓂᒃ ᐃᓪᓗᕈᓯᕐᓂ. ᑮᓇᐅᔭᖅᑖᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᑲᔪᖏᖅᓴᐃᔨᒥᒡᓗ ᐃᑲᔪᖅᖢᓂ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᕐᓂᖓᓄᑦ.

Hupfield−ᑯᑦ ᐊᓂᒍᐃᓚᐅᖅᓯᒪᙱᑦᑐᑦ ᐊᖓᔪᒃᖡᑦ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᕐᕕᖕᒥ ᑭᓯᐊᓂ ᖁᕝᕙᕆᐊᕈᑎᓂᒃ ᐱᑎᑕᐅᓚᐅᖅᐳᑦ ᒪᒃᑯᒃᑐᑦ ᑎᒍᔭᐅᓯᒪᔪᓕᕆᔨᑦ ᐊᖅᑯᑎᒋᓪᓗᒋᑦ. ᓚᐃᒃᕼᐃᑦ ᓯᓚᑦᑐᓴᕐᕕᕐᔪᐊᖓᓅᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᓄᓇᖃᖅᑳᖅᓯᒪᔪᓄᑦ ᐋᓐᓂᐊᓯᐅᖅᑎᐅᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᖁᕕᐊᒋᓚᐅᖅᑕᒥᓂᒃ ᑭᓯᐊᓂ ᖃᐅᔨᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᐋᓐᓂᐊᓯᐅᖅᑎᕈᕈᒪᖏᓐᓂᖓᓂᒃ. ᓇᖕᒥᓂᖅᓱᕐᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᐱᓕᒻᒪᒃᓴᖔᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᐊᑭᓯᕐᒥᒃ ᓂᐅᕕᐊᒃᓴᖃᖅᑎᐅᓕᖅᖢᓂ. ᐊᒥᓱᓂᒃ ᑎᑭᓴᐃᕕᐅᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᒥᖅᓱᕆᐅᖅᓴᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᒥᖅᓱᕆᐅᖅᓴᓪᓗᓂ ᔪᐊᔾ ᐳᕋᐅᓐ ᓯᓚᑦᑐᓴᕐᕕᖓᓂ.

ᐊᐃᑉᐸᖓᓂ ᐊᕐᕌᒍᒥ ᐊᓐᓄᕌᓕᐅᕆᐅᖅᓴᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ, ᐱᓕᕆᐊᖅ ᖁᕝᕙᓯᒃᑐᒦᓕᖅᑎᓪᓗᒍ, ᐊᓂᔪᒪᓕᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᐃᓕᑦᑎᔭᕆᐊᖃᙱᓐᓂᑯᒧᑦ ᑕᒪᒃᑯᓂᖓ ᓴᓇᒃᑲᓐᓂᕆᐊᒃᓴᖅ. ᐱᒋᐊᓕᕐᖢᓂ ᒋᐊᓕᐊᓕᐅᕐᖢᓂ ᐃᓕᓴᐃᓪᓗᓂᓗ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᕐᓂᕐᓂ ᖃᐅᔨᓪᓗᓂᓗ ᐱᔪᒪᓂᕆᔭᐅᔪᖅ ᖁᑦᑎᒃᖢᓂ. ᓯᓐᓇᑦᑑᒪᓕᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᐱᓕᒻᒪᒃᓴᐃᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᐊᓯᒥᓂᒃ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᖅᑎᑦᑎᓪᓗᓂ ᒪᑭᒋᐊᕐᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᐊᒻᒪ ᐊᓗᒡᕕᖕᒥᒃ ᐃᓕᓴᐃᓂᕐᒥᒃ.

ᐃᓕᓴᐃᓂᖅ ᐊᓇᕐᒥᒃ ᐱᒻᒪᕆᐅᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᑖᔅᓱᒧᖓ ᓴᐃᓕᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᓇᓂᓚᐅᖅᑕᖓᓄᑦ ᖁᕕᐊᓲᑎᖃᖅᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᐃᙱᐅᑎᓂᒃ. "ᐃᓱᒪᒋᓇᔭᖅᑕᒃᑲ ᐊᔪᕐᓇᖅᑐᓕᒫᑦ ᐃᓅᔾᔪᑎᒋᔭᕆᐊᖃᓚᐅᖅᑕᒃᑲ. ᒧᒥᑐᐃᓐᓇᖅᐸᓚᐅᖅᑐᖓ ᒧᒥᖅᐸᓚᐅᖅᑐᖓᓗ ᑎᒥᒐ ᐃᖃᐃᓕᓴᕈᓐᓇᐃᓕᑉᐸᑦ. ᐃᓐᖏᐅᓯᖅ ᐱᔭᕇᖅᐸᑦ, ᐅᕿᓐᓂᖅᓴᐅᕌᕐᔪᒃᑲᔭᖅᑐᖓ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐅᖁᒪᐃᓗᐊᕋᔭᕐᓇᖓ. ᐅᕙᖓᑑᙱᓐᓇᒪ ᓴᐱᕐᓇᖅᑐᒥᒃ. ᐱᕕᖃᕈᒪᔪᖓ ᓄᓇᓕᖁᑎᓐᓄᑦ," ᐅᖃᖅᑐᖅ.

ᑖᓐᓇ ᓯᓐᓇᑦᑑᒪᒋᔭᖓ ᐱᓪᓚᑦᑖᖑᓕᕐᒪᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐊᐅᓪᓚᖃᑦᑕᓛᖅᑐᓂ ᑕᒪᓐᓇ ᑲᔪᓯᖁᓪᓗᒍ, ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᖅᑎᑕᐅᓗᓂ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᑲᔪᖏᖅᓴᐃᓗᓂ ᓄᓇᓕᓐᓂ ᓇᒥᓕᒫᖅ. ᐊᓯᐊᒍᑦᑕᐅᖅ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᖅᑎᑦᑎᓯᒪᒻᒥᔪᖅ ᐊᓗᒐᕐᒥᒃ ᔫᑑᑉ ᑕᕐᕆᔭᓕᐊᒥᓂᖓᓂᒃ, ᐱᖃᓯᐅᑎᓪᓗᒍ ᓱᕈᓯᕐᓄᑦ ᑕᕐᕆᔭᕆᐊᖅᓯᒪᔪᓄᑦ. ᐃᓕᓴᐃᔩᑦ ᐊᑐᓲᖑᕗᑦ ᑕᕐᕆᔮᒃᓴᒥᓂᒃ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᕐᕕᐊᕈᓯᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᐃᑲᕐᕋᐅᑉ ᓇᑉᐸᐃᓐᓇᖓᓂᓪᓗ ᓴᓇᓇᓱᑐᐃᓐᓇᖅᖢᓂ.

ᑲᑕᒃᓯᒪᑎᓪᓗᒍ, ᐃᓚᒥᓂᒃ ᐊᐅᓪᓚᖃᑎᖃᓲᖅ ᕿᑐᕐᖓᖏᑦ ᒧᒥᕈᓐᓇᕐᓂᐊᕐᒪᑕ. ᐅᐃᖓ ᐱᔭᕇᖅᑐᖅ PhD-ᒥᒃ ᖃᓄᖅ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᕐᓂᖅ ᑐᓂᔭᐅᖃᑦᑕᕐᒪᖔᖅ ᐊᖅᓴᒃᑯᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᑲᒪᔨᖏᑦ ᐹᔅᑲᑦᐹᓪ. ᑕᒪᕐᒥᒃ ᐊᖓᔪᖅᑳᑦ ᑲᑎᒪᔨᖏᓐᓂ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᕐᕕᖕᒥ ᐃᓚᐅᖃᑕᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃᓗ ᐆᒻᒪᖅᑎᑦᑎᒃᑲᓐᓂᕐᓂᕐᒥ ᐅᖃᐅᓯᕐᓂ, ᐃᓕᖅᑯᓯᕐᓂ ᐱᙳᐊᕐᓂᕐᓂᒃᓗ ᐃᓅᓗᑎᒃᓗ ᐱᔪᒪᔭᖏᓐᓂ.

ᐃᓕᖅᑯᓯᑎᒍᑦ, ᑏᓐ ᕼᐊᑉᕕᐅᑦ ᐃᓅᓯᑦᑎᐊᕙᐅᓂᖅᓴᒥᑦ ᐃᓅᓯᖃᕈᓐᓇᖅᓯᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ, ᓯᓐᓇᑦᑑᒪᒋᓚᐅᖅᓯᒪᓪᓗᓂᐅᒃ, ᑕᑯᔪᓐᓇᖏᒃᑲᓗᐊᖅᑎᓪᓗᒍ. ᒧᒥᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᐃᓅᓯᖓᓄᑦ ᐃᓕᖅᑯᓯᑦᑎᐊᕆᒃᖢᓂ, ᓄᓇᓕᖕᓂ ᐊᒻᒪ ᐱᕕᒃᓴᖃᑦᑎᐊᕐᖢᓂ, ᕿᒪᐃᓪᓗᓂ ᐅᕕᓂᖃᑎᒋᙱᑕᒥᓂᒃ ᐱᕈᕐᕕᒋᓚᐅᖅᑕᒥᓂᒃ ᓴᖅᑭᑦᑎᓪᓗᓂᓗ ᓄᑖᒥᒃ ᖃᑕᙳᑎᖏᓐᓄᑦ ᓄᓇᓕᐸᐅᔭᕐᒥ.

ᖁᔭᓐᓇᒦᒃ ᐋᓕᓴᓐ ᑎᐊᑦᕗᑦ ᔅᕗᐊᑦ ᑎᑎᕋᓚᐅᕐᒪᑦ ᑖᔅᓱᒥᖓ.